Authorship Criteria

Journal Nursepedia is committed to maintaining transparency, fairness, and accountability in the attribution of authorship. Authorship must reflect genuine intellectual contributions to the research and manuscript, rather than institutional position, seniority, funding, or other non-substantive considerations. This policy is informed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), particularly its Discussion Document on Authorship.

A. Eligibility for Authorship

Individuals may be listed as authors of a manuscript submitted to Journal Nursepediaonly when their contributions demonstrate substantive intellectual involvement in the research and manuscript preparation. Authors must be able to explain their respective contributions and accept responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of their work.

Qualifying contributions may include:

  1. Conceptualization: Developing the research question, research objectives, hypotheses, theoretical framework, or central research ideas.
  2. Methodology: Making substantial intellectual contributions to the development or selection of research methods, analytical frameworks, econometric models, or research designs.
  3. Investigation and data analysis: Contributing substantially to data collection, data curation, statistical analysis, econometric analysis, or the interpretation of empirical evidence.
  4. Interpretation of findings: Contributing to the interpretation of results, development of economic arguments, and formulation of the study's theoretical, empirical, or policy implications.
  5. Writing and critical revision: Drafting the manuscript or critically revising it to improve its important intellectual content.

These examples are intended to help the journal assess the substance of each contribution. Routine assistance or participation in only one activity does not automatically establish eligibility for authorship. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

B. Responsibilities of Authors

All individuals listed as authors are expected to:

  1. Make a genuine and substantial intellectual contribution to the research or manuscript.
  2. Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
  3. Review and approve the final version of the manuscript before submission or publication.
  4. Agree to take responsibility for their contributions and cooperate in addressing questions concerning the accuracy, integrity, or reliability of the research.
  5. Ensure that all individuals who qualify for authorship are appropriately credited and that no eligible contributor is improperly omitted.
  6. Disclose relevant conflicts of interest and ensure that information concerning funding, data, research methods, and other declarations is accurate.
  7. Cooperate with the editorial team in providing clarification or supporting documentation when authorship concerns arise.

COPE recommends that journals clearly communicate authorship criteria, obtain authorship declarations where appropriate, and establish accountability for the integrity of submitted work. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

C. Contributions That Do Not Qualify for Authorship

Contributions that do not independently demonstrate substantive intellectual involvement are generally insufficient for authorship. These may include:

  1. Providing funding or financial support without making a qualifying intellectual contribution.
  2. Holding a senior academic, institutional, managerial, or supervisory position.
  3. Providing routine administrative assistance or general project coordination.
  4. Performing routine data entry, transcription, or technical assistance without substantial intellectual involvement.
  5. Providing language editing, proofreading, translation, or manuscript formatting without contributing to its intellectual content.
  6. Providing general supervision or mentorship without making a qualifying contribution to the article.
  7. Offering comments or suggestions that do not amount to substantial intellectual development of the manuscript.

Individuals whose contributions do not meet the journal's authorship criteria may be acknowledged in the Acknowledgments section, with their permission. Acknowledgment must accurately describe their contributions and must not be used to imply authorship where the criteria are not met. COPE distinguishes authorship from acknowledgment and advises journals to establish transparent policies for recognizing contributions appropriately. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

D. Authorship Order

The order of authors should be determined by mutual agreement among all authors and should reflect the nature and extent of their scholarly contributions to the research and manuscript. Authorship order must not be determined solely by academic rank, institutional seniority, supervisory position, financial contribution, or personal relationships. All authors should discuss and agree on the order of authorship before submission. For collaborative research involving multiple institutions or disciplines, authors are encouraged to establish clear authorship arrangements at an early stage of the research process and review them when contributions change. COPE emphasizes the importance of transparent authorship policies and clear agreements among contributors to help prevent authorship disputes. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

E. Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The corresponding author serves as the primary contact between the authors and the journal throughout submission, peer review, revision, and publication. The corresponding author is responsible for:

  1. Ensuring that all authors have reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript.
  2. Confirming that all listed authors have agreed to the submission and the declared order of authorship.
  3. Providing accurate author names, affiliations, contact information, and contribution statements.
  4. Communicating editorial decisions, revision requests, and publication-related information to all co-authors.
  5. Submitting any requested authorship declarations or supporting documentation.
  6. Informing the editorial office of any proposed changes to authorship.
  7. Facilitating communication among co-authors when questions concerning contributions or research integrity arise.

The corresponding author must not add, remove, or rearrange authors without following the journal's procedures and obtaining the necessary agreement from the authors concerned. COPE recommends clear authorship declarations and communication with named authors to reduce the risk of unauthorized or disputed authorship. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

F. Author Contributions Statement

All submissions must include an Author Contributions Statement that accurately describes the specific contributions of each author to the research and manuscript. Authors may use the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), where appropriate, to describe individual contributions, including:

  1. Conceptualization
  2. Methodology
  3. Formal analysis
  4. Investigation
  5. Data curation
  6. Writing – original draft
  7. Writing – review and editing
  8. Visualization
  9. Supervision
  10. Project administration
  11. Funding acquisition

Only roles that accurately reflect the work performed should be declared. A contribution label alone does not automatically establish eligibility for authorship; the journal will assess the overall nature and substance of each individual's contribution. Contributions from individuals who do not qualify for authorship may be described separately in the Acknowledgments section, where appropriate and with their permission. COPE recommends that journals consider obtaining statements identifying each author's specific contribution and confirming that all individuals deserving authorship have been included. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

G. Changes in Authorship

Any request to add, remove, or rearrange authors after manuscript submission must be submitted in writing to the editorial office. The request must include a clear explanation of the proposed change and written agreement from all authors concerned, including any individuals being added or removed. The editorial team may request additional information or documentation before making a decision. Editorial consideration may be suspended while the request is assessed. Changes will be considered only when the reasons are satisfactory, the required author agreements have been obtained, and the request complies with the journal's publication ethics policy.

Requests to change authorship after publication will be assessed in accordance with the journal's correction policy and applicable publication ethics procedures. COPE advises journals to obtain agreement from all authors when changes to authorship are requested after submission or publication. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

 

H. Guest, Gift, and Ghost Authorship

Journal Nursepedia does not accept guest authorship, gift authorship, or ghost authorship.

  1. Guest or gift authorship refers to listing an individual as an author despite the absence of a qualifying contribution.
  2. Ghost authorship refers to failing to acknowledge an individual who has made a contribution that warrants authorship.
  3. Inappropriate authorship attribution includes omitting eligible contributors, misrepresenting individual contributions, or including individuals without their knowledge or agreement.

All authorship information must accurately reflect the contributions made to the research and manuscript. Academic position, funding support, supervision, or institutional authority must not be used as a substitute for qualifying scholarly contributions.

COPE identifies inappropriate authorship attribution as an important publication ethics concern and encourages journals to establish clear criteria and transparent procedures for addressing authorship-related problems. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

H. Authorship Disputes and Ethical Concerns

Authorship disputes should, where possible, be addressed through constructive communication among the individuals involved and their affiliated institutions. When an authorship concern is raised, the journal may request written explanations, contribution statements, correspondence, or other relevant documentation. The editorial team will assess the matter impartially and may suspend editorial processing while the concern is investigated.

Where a dispute cannot be resolved satisfactorily, the journal may refer the matter to the relevant institution or follow other appropriate publication ethics procedures. The journal will not determine institutional employment or disciplinary matters that fall outside its authority.

Suspected authorship misconduct will be handled in accordance with the journal's editorial policies and applicable COPE guidance. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

I. Declaration of Authorship

By submitting a manuscript to Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia, the corresponding author confirms, on behalf of all authors, that:

  1. All listed authors have made genuine contributions consistent with the journal's authorship criteria.
  2. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript and agreed to its submission.
  3. The order of authorship has been agreed upon by all authors.
  4. No individual who qualifies for authorship has been improperly omitted.
  5. No individual has been included as an author without a qualifying contribution and agreement.
  6. The Author Contributions Statement accurately represents the contributions of each author.
  7. All authors agree to cooperate in addressing questions concerning the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the research.

The journal may request additional information or documentation when necessary to verify authorship declarations and uphold publication ethics. This approach is consistent with COPE's recommendations concerning authorship statements, contributor transparency, and responsibility for the integrity of published work. See the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.